All persons shall uphold and enforce all Constitutional provisions, By-Laws and decisions of the Board of Directors. Desired changes shall be brought about through procedures prescribed by the Constitution and By-Laws.

All persons shall recognize that authority rests with the Board of Directors and such other congregational bodies and officials as setforth in the Constitution and By-Laws. No person shall make promises or take private action that may compromise the governance structure of the Congregation.

All persons shall keep confidential information confidential and, in addition, shall not use such information for personal financial gain or for the financial gain of a family member or business with which they are associated.

No person shall use service on behalf of Congregation B'nai Tikvah to obtain unwarranted privileges, advantages or employment for themselves, or for family members or friends.

All persons shall excuse themselves from Board discussions or other deliberations and actions on behalf of Congregation B'nai Tikvah in matters in which they, or any member of their family, have a financial interest.

No person may solicit or accept anything of value if given or offered for the purpose of influencing his or her official actions as a volunteer or employee serving on behalf of Congregation B'nai Tikvah. This provision also applies to the person's immediate family members and to business organizations in which the person has an interest.

Congregation B'nai Tikvah encourages and invites volunteer service by its congregants. It is expected that volunteers will render services for the benefit of the Congregation for the purpose of supporting its educational, religious, social and recreational activities, and not for the purpose of securing personal gain.

The Board of Directors shall be informed in advance of paid services being rendered to the Congregation by congregants where the cost of said services exceeds $2,500 per occurrence. The purpose of informing the Board is to permit it to grant prior approval for the receipt of said services. The Board of Directors may adjust this threshold from time to time.

In determining whether to accept volunteer services from congregants (or businesses with which congregants are affiliated) that ordinarily the Congregation would pay a business or commercial enterprise to perform, the Board of Directors will evaluate the following factors: the need for the services offered, the qualifications of the congregant with respect to the services offered, the monetary value of the services offered, the personal attention that it is anticipated the congregant will devote to the rendering of the services offered (including whether the services offered are to be performed personally by the congregant), and whether the volunteer is willing and able to render the services within the time parameters required by the Congregation.

In accepting volunteer services from congregants, the Board may set conditions to assure the timely rendering of services and to provide for appropriate protection and recourse for the Congregation in the event of unforeseen circumstances.

The provisions in paragraphs 3 and 4 also shall apply in cases where congregants offer services to the Congregation for a discounted or reduced fee.

Congregation B'nai Tikvah recognizes that congregants possess a wide range of skills and talents that may be valuable to the Congregation. There is no prohibition against congregants (or businesses with which congregants are affiliated) entering into a contract or transaction, including employment, with the Congregation so long as the Board of Directors determines that the contract or transaction is fair and reasonable and so long as the interest of the congregant in the contract and transaction has been disclosed and made known to the Board prior to entering into the contract or transaction. Board members shall be excused from Board discussions and actions on matters in which they, or any member of their family, have an interest.

The Congregation will inform the membership of employment opportunities in Hakol and, if necessary, through another method designed to inform the membership of the opportunity. The Board may, in individual cases, determine that a special circumstance or emergency exists that justifies dispensing with this requirement.

Approved by the Board of Directors October 4, 2001